What major concept was introduced by Fredrick Taylor in 1909?

The major concept introduced by Fredrick Taylor in 1909 is Scientific Management. This approach aimed to improve economic efficiency and productivity in industrial processes through the systematic study of tasks. Taylor's principles involved breaking down work into smaller, more manageable components, allowing for increased specialization and efficiency. By analyzing workflows and implementing standardized methods, he sought to optimize labor productivity and minimize waste.

Scientific Management laid the groundwork for many modern management practices, emphasizing data-driven decision-making and the importance of efficiency in work processes. This concept is fundamental in Lean methodologies, which also focus on eliminating waste and enhancing value delivery. While options like Kaizen, Mass Production, and Lean in Service are relevant to Lean practices and efficiency, they were developed later and build upon the foundational ideas that Taylor introduced.